- In “Machines Referencing the Qurʾan: Citation Patterns in LLM-Generated Islam” (Journal of Digital Islamicate Research), Jonas Svensson (Linnaeus University) concludes that, “LLM s produce theologically differentiated citation patterns broadly consistent with known positions in Islamic discourse… [and] that non-human Islam, while mechanistically novel, exhibits structure, patterns, and theological coherence warranting sustained academic attention.”