- In “Religious Elites and the Management of Islamic Affairs in Sarawak: A Mixed Scorecard” (Fulcrum), Mohd Faizal Musa (ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute) argues that “political rather than religious authority still calls the shots in multi-religious Sarawak.”
- In “Ahmad al-Sharaa Is Building the State Abu Mohammed al-Golani Promised” (Lawfare), Sara Harmouch (H9 Defense) argues that the “new Syrian government is consolidating power in the hands of the president while privileging Sunni religious institutions and marginalizing competing centers of authority.”
- In “Iran’s ruling structure explained” (The Conversation), Eric Lob (Florida International University) Although the supreme leader possesses disproportionate power, he is not the single authority. Instead, he is one of several positions and institutions through which the Islamic Republic’s 47-year-old regime organizes its ruling structure….[His article includes] a rundown of how each of these entities functions and interacts with one another.”