- In “The Disruption of Islamic Religious Education Curricula in the Artificial Intelligence Era and the Problem of Intolerance Among Modern Multicultural Students” (Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat), Robiatul Adawiyah (University of Indonesia) and others conclude that, “AI disruption has transformed the PAI [Islamic Religious Education] learning paradigm into a more digital, flexible, and interactive technology-based system. The use of AI in education provides opportunities to strengthen digital literacy, religious moderation, and multicultural learning. On the other hand, AI development also has the potential to increase the spread of intolerance, digital radicalism, and exclusive religious understanding when it is not balanced with character education and ethical supervision. The PAI curriculum requires a humanistic approach, religious moderation, and digital literacy development to create students who are tolerant, inclusive, and adaptive to modern technological developments.”