- In “Bank Liquidity Creation: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Banks” (SSRN, December 4, 2023), Muhammad Umar (School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University) and Muhammad Shafiq (Air University – Islamabad), using “data from 471 banks of 22 Muslim majority countries ranging from the year 2010 to 2016,” find that “the determinants of liquidity creation by Islamic and conventional banks differ.”